Innovation

=**Innovation (N=16)**=


 * Definition 1:** Research evidence that is new to the potential adopter, even thought he evidence may have been available for some time
 * Source:** Logan J, Graham ID. Toward a comprehensive interdisciplinary model of health care research use. Science Communication 1998; 20(2):227-246.
 * Focus:** n/a


 * Definition 2**. Refers to a creative process whereby two or more existing concepts or entities are combined in some novel way to produce a configuration not previously known by the person involved. 2. a technical innovation is a complex activity which proceeds from the conceptualization of a new idea to a solution of the problem and then to the actual utilization of a new item of economic or social value.
 * 3**. Innovation is also used to describe only the process whereby and existing innovtion becomes a part of an adopter's cognitive state and behavioral repertoire.
 * 4**. "An innovation is the adoption of a change which is new to an organization and to the relevant environment."
 * 5**. (in defining the term innovation as) " the successful introduction into an applied situation of means or ends that are new to that situation."
 * 6**. (an innovation is) "any thought, behaviour or thing that is new because it is qualitatively different from existing forms."
 * 7**. (defines an innovation as" an organization of reality into relationships embodying new mental or esthetic concepts, with the new relationships being an improvement over the old.
 * 8.** (we consider as an innovation) any idea, practice, or material artifact perceived to be new to the relevant unit of adoption.
 * 9.** "an innovation is an idea, preactice, or object perceived as new by the individual."
 * 10.** "a program or policy which is new to the states adopting it, no matter how old the program may be or how many other states may have adopted it."
 * 11.** (an organizational innovatio) as "any proposed idea, or set of ideas, about how the organizational behavior of members should be changed in order to resolve problems of the organization or to improve it performance."
 * 12**. "defining innovation as the first or early use of an idea by one of a set of organizations with similar goals."
 * 13.** an innovation (or more precisely, a major innovation, since we are not concerned with trivial changes) is a 'fundamental' change in a 'significant' number of tasks."
 * Source:** Zaltman G, Duncan R, Holbek J. Innovations and organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1973.
 * Focus:** n/a


 * Definition 14:** Is an idea, practice, or material artifact perceived as new by a potentail user or adopter
 * Source:** Zaltman G. Knowledge utilization and planned social change. In: Beal GM, Dissanayake W, Konoshima S, editors. Knowledge generation, exchange and utilization. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1986: 433-460.
 * Focus:** n/a


 * Definition 15:** Is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption
 * Source:** Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Bate P, Macfarlane F, Kyriakidou O. Diffusion of innovations in health service organizations. Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005.
 * Focus:** n/a


 * Definition 16:** (four core characteristics) 1, innovation represents newness, 2. it is not the same thing as invention, 3. it is both a process and an outcome, 4. it involves discontinuous change
 * Source:** Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Bate P, Macfarlane F, Kyriakidou O. Diffusion of innovations in health service organizations. Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005.
 * Focus:** n/a