Knowledge+Translation

=Knowledge Translation (N=22)=


 * Definition 1:** Knowledge translation is a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the health care system. (2008 definition)
 * Source:** Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/29418.html
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 2:** Knowledge translation is the exchange, synthesis and ethically-sound application of knowledge - within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users - to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research for Canadians through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system. (2007 definition)
 * Source:** CIHR http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/27293.html
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 3:** Knowledge translation is the effective and timely incorporation of evidence-based information into the practices of health professionals in such a way as to effect optimal health care outcomes and maximize the potential of the health system." - Adapted from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research definition, 2001
 * Source:** University of Toronto http://www.ktp.utoronto.ca/
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 4:** The process whereby information is transferred to clinicians and applied in practice, a process that requires understanding of organizations, individual and team education and health services research, among others.
 * Source:** University of Toronto http://www.ktp.utoronto.ca/whatisktp/glossary/
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 5:** The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) has referred to knowledge translation as 'the process of supporting the uptake of health research in a manner that improves the health and health care of Canadians through improved understandings, processes, services, products or systems'.
 * Source:** Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group http://www.cochranemsk.org/professional/knowledge/default.asp?s=1
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 6:** Currently, the Canadian Institute of Health Research’s definition of KT is the one most commonly used, albeit with some variations. Accordingly, it can be defined as "the exchange, synthesis and ethically-sound application of research findings within a complex set of interactions among researchers and knowledge users. In other words, knowledge translation can be seen as an acceleration of the knowledge cycle; an acceleration of the natural transformation of knowledge into use." Within the context of health research, KT therefore aims to "to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research…through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system" (CIHR, 2004).
 * Source:** The International Development Research Centre http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-90105-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 7:** KT is a relatively new term that is used to describe a relatively old problem—the underutilization of evidence-based research in systems of care. Underutilization of evidence-based research is often described as a gap between "what is known" and "what is currently done" in practice settings (Davis et al., 2003; Grol, 2000; Grol & Grimshaw, 2003).
 * Source:** National Centre for the Dissemination of Disability Research (NCDDR) http://www.ncddr.org/kt/index.html
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 8:** exchange, synthesis and ethically-sound application of research findings within a complex set of interactions among researchers and knowledge users. In other words, knowledge translation can be seen as an acceleration of the knowledge cycle; an acceleration of the natural transformation of knowledge into use.” Within the context of health research, KT therefore aims to “to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research…through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system” (CIHR, 2004). 2. As such, KT goes beyond mere dissemination or diffusion. It is an on-going and iterative process and strategy that requires the active and conscious participation of both researchers and research-users, and is based on the basic principles of integration and simplification (Choi, 2005). 3. World Health Organization http://www.who.int/kms/en/ KT is defined as “the exchange, synthesis, and effective communication of reliable and relevant research results. The focus is on promoting interaction among the producers and users of research, removing the barriers to research use, and tailoring information to different target audiences so that effective interventions are used more widely” (2004).
 * Source:** http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:bzPl7yn5NsYJ:www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11473620631Knowledge_Translation_-_Basic_Theories,_Approaches_and_Applications_-_May_2006.pdf+knowledge+translation&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=16&client=firefox-a
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 9:** The literature has shown, however, that without determined efforts to disseminate and encourage adoption of research - knowledge translation - research results are not consistently integrated into practice (2).
 * Source:** Public Health Agency of Canada [|www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcc/25-2/a_e.html]
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 10:** To embrace this wider view, the NCDDR suggests the following as a working definition for KT: The collaborative and systematic review, assessment, identification, aggregation, and practical application of high-quality disability and rehabilitation research by key stakeholders (i.e., consumers, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers) for the purpose of improving the lives of individuals with disabilities.
 * Source:** NCDDR [|www.ncddr.org/kt/ktplan.html]
 * Focus:** Health Care (Disability Care)


 * Definition 11:** Knowledge translation is the effective and timely incorporation of evidence-based information and methods into the practices of decision makers in the field of water in such a way as to effect optimal water use, cost, quality, public health protection and sustainable availability and maximize the potential of the sustainable use of water resources.
 * Source:** Canadian Water Network http://cwn-rce.ca/index.php?fa=Research.EOIRFP-CWNKT
 * Focus:** Water Resource Management


 * Definition 12:** CIHR 2. The World Health organization (WHO) identifies KT as a way of bridging the “know-do” gap, using knowledge to improve health policy, programs and practices. (WHO, 2005)
 * Source:** Indigenous Peoples' Health Research Centre [|www.iphrc.ca/resources/KT_Policy_Toolkit_Sept26%5B1%5D.pdf]
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 13:** [Knowledge translation is] involved [in] the synthesis and conversion of scientific research findings into information useful to product developers who attempt to formulate solutions to practical problems. The activities in knowledge translation may be outlined as follows: 1. identify user needs, 2. recode user problem, 3. review research, 4. synthesize/generalize research, 5. recode generaliztion, 6. operationalize, 7. package, 8. disseminate, 9. evaluate operations.
 * Source:** Beal GM, Meehan P. Communication in knowledge production, dissemination, and utilization. In: Beal GM, Dissanayake W, Konoshima S, eds. Knowledge generation, exchange and utilization. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press; 1986: 135.
 * Focus:** n/a


 * Definition 14:** The scientific study of the methods of closing the knowledge-to-practice gap, and the analysis of barriers and facilitators inherent in this process.
 * Source:** Straus SE, Graham ID, Mazmanian PE. Knowledge translation: resolving the confusion. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006; 26 (1): 3-4.
 * Focus:** n/a


 * Definition 15:** Knowledge Translation (or KT) can be used as a noun or a verb: it describes either a structured process or the activity that results in scientifically researched evidence being used to improve the outcomes of professional practice. According to this general description, KT may relate to any science-based field, however the term is most commonly associated with medicine and healthcare. This description by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)[1] is often cited as prevailing: “Knowledge translation is a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the health care system.”[2] Knowledge Translation may also pertain specifically to healthcare that is managed or funded by the State (as in Canada and the UK); the term Research Commercialization might otherwise be more appropriate. Beyond KT being an instance of Knowledge Management within medicine (or within the applied-sciences), it is distinguished by at least three other features. Knowledge Translation: emphasizes the process of qualifying research evidence; supports the flow of data and understanding from researcher to practitioner/ policy maker (i.e,. directing changes in practice) as well as the flow from practitioner/policy maker to researcher (i.e., directing researchers to relevant questions); pertains to complex social and organizational contexts. "While the term KT may appear similar to dissemination or diffusion, it can be differentiated by its emphasis on the quality of research prior to dissemination and implementation of research evidence within a system. Unlike simple dissemination activities (e.g., distributing user friendly information, developing research briefs, etc.), KT requires coordination and process improvement amongst a complex system to influence behaviour change and patient outcomes".
 * Source:** Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_translation
 * Focus:** n/a

innovation in strengthening health systems and improving people’s health.
 * Definition 16:** The synthesis, exchange, and application of knowledge by relevant stakeholders to accelerate the benefits of global and local
 * Source:** The Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112549277/PDFSTART
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 17:** Knowledge translation is the term used by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to describe the process of putting research findings and the products of research into the hands of key audiences. KT is about using research knowledge to inspire people to think and/or act differently. While there are a variety of terms used in the literature to refer to this process (e.g., knowledge transfer, exchange, uptake and mobilization, utilization and diffusion), it should be noted that these terms are not necessarily interchangeable. For example, mobilization refers to the dissemination of research results (e.g., providing stroke findings to policy-makers) whereas knowledge exchange refers to a two-way sharing of information between researchers and users. The KT process is achieved through transmission and exchange of information as well as through extensive dialogue between the producers and users. In some cases the users are intimately involved in the development of the research itself as research partners and/or collaborators. Regardless, KT involves careful consideration of the experiences and information needs of stakeholders, to enhance the generation of new theory and improve the overall quality of research.
 * Source:** http://www.ahprc.dal.ca/kt/glossary.cfm
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 18:** knowledge translation—the notion of turning the knowledge generated from research into practical actions and uses as efficiently as possible.
 * Source:** http://www.mcgill.ca/reporter/40/09/macauley/
 * Focus:** Health Care


 * Definition 19:** "Knowledge Translation" as defined by CIHR (2008): "Knowledge translation is a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the health care system." CIHR, in 2008, revised their definition of knowledge translation. Prior to this, the CIHR definition was as follows: "Knowledge translation is the exchange, synthesis and ethically-sound application of knowledge - within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users - to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research for Canadians through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system". Also as defined by CHER (2006): "Knowledge translation is a process by which relevant research information is made available and accessible for practice, planning, and policy-making through interactive engagement with audiences. CHER aims to bring its research findings to the scientific community, to policy makers, to participants and the general public through the use of relevant and effective media. Effective knowledge translation is necessary if key messages from research are to change and improve policy and practice".
 * Source:** http://web.cher.ubc.ca/thesaurus/index.php?tema=49
 * Focus:** Health and Environment Research


 * Definition 20:** CIHR’s definition of knowledge translation (KT) has been cited and adapted widely. It reads as follows: Knowledge translation is the exchange, synthesis and ethically-sound application of knowledge—within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users—to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research for Canadians through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system. However, when Ian Graham accepted his position as CIHR’s vice president of knowledge translation he saw the need to tinker with the definition slightly in order to clarify its critical components. The revised working definition of knowledge translation is a dynamic and iterative process that includes the synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the healthcare system.
 * Source:** http://www.ncddr.org/kt/products/focus/focus18/
 * Focus:** Disability Research


 * Definition 21:** Knowledge translation (KT) is a relatively new term coined by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) in 2000. CIHR defined KT as "the exchange, synthesis and ethically-sound application of knowledge—within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users—to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research for Canadians through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system" (CIHR, 2005, para. 2). Since then, a few other definitions of KT have been developed. Adapted from the CIHR definition, the Knowledge Translation Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto (2004), stated its definition of knowledge translation as "the effective and timely incorporation of evidence-based information into the practices of health professionals in such a way as to effect optimal health care outcomes and maximize the potential of the health system." The World Health Organization (WHO) (2005) also adapted the CIHR’s definition and defined KT as "the synthesis, exchange, and application of knowledge by relevant stakeholders to accelerate the benefits of global and local innovation in strengthening health systems and improving people’s health." At around the same time, the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) developed a working definition of KT in its long-range plan for 2005–2009. NIDRR refers to KT as "the multidimensional, active process of ensuring that new knowledge gained through the course of research ultimately improves the lives of people with disabilities, and furthers their participation in society" (NIDRR, 2005). Most recently, the National Center for the Dissemination of Disability Research (NCDDR) proposed another working definition of KT as "the collaborative and systematic review, assessment, identification, aggregation, and practical application of high-quality disability and rehabilitation research by key stakeholders (i.e., consumers, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers) for the purpose of improving the lives of individuals with disabilities" (NCDDR, 2005)
 * Source:** []
 * Focus:** Disability Research


 * Definition 22:** Knowledge translation - The process whereby information is transferred to clinicians and applied in practice, a process that requires understanding of organizations, individual and team education and health services research, among others.
 * Source:** http://www.stmichaelshospital.com/research/ktglossary.php
 * Focus:** Health Care